System Overview
What Is a Septic System?
A septic system is an underground wastewater treatment system used on properties that are not connected to a municipal sewer line. It safely handles wastewater from toilets, sinks, showers, laundry, and other household drains.
Most septic systems have two main parts: the septic tank and the drainfield. Wastewater flows from the home into the tank, where it naturally separates into three layers. Heavier solids settle to the bottom, lighter oils and grease float to the top, and the liquid in the middle moves on to the drainfield.
The drainfield then allows that liquid to slowly filter through the soil, where it receives additional natural treatment. Together, the tank and drainfield help protect the home, the property, and the surrounding environment.
Main parts of a septic system:
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Wastewater pipe
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Septic tank
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Scum layer
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Sludge layer
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Liquid effluent
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Drainfield
A septic system works quietly in the background, but it still needs routine care. Regular pumping and inspections help prevent backups, odors, and costly repairs.
How a Septic System Works
A septic system works in stages to separate and treat household wastewater.
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Wastewater leaves the home through the main sewer pipe.
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Solids settle to the bottom of the septic tank.
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Scum floats to the top of the tank.
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Bacteria break down some of the waste inside the tank.
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Liquid effluent remains in the middle layer.
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Effluent flows to the drainfield for further treatment.
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Soil filters the water naturally as it moves through the ground.
​Understanding how a septic system works helps homeowners spot warning signs early, take better care of the system, and avoid unnecessary repairs.
